Blood Groups and Antibodies

Blood Groups and Antibodies

Synonyms - Description - specimen - Method - Result

Synonyms : ABO group & RH typing

Description

Blood typing is a series of tests that include the ABO and Rh blood group system performed to detect surface antigens on red blood cells by an agglutination test and compatibility tests to determined antibodies against these antigens the major antigens in the ABO system are A,B,AB.O

SPECIMEN : Serum , whole blood on EDTA

METHOD

FDA- License reagents with glass slides,glass tubes or automated systems

RESULT

ABO system : A,B.AB or O specific to person

Rh system : Positive or negative specific to person

Cross- matching : Compatibility between donor and recipient

Incompatibility indicated by clumping ( agglutination ) of red blood cells

Comments

MICROSCOPIC URINALYSIS

MICROSCOPIC URINALYSIS Methodology A sample of well-mixed urine (usually 10-15 ml) is centrifuged in a test tube at relatively low speed (about 2-3,000 rpm) for 5-10 minutes until a moderately cohesive button is produced at the bottom of the tube. The supernatant is decanted and a volume of 0.2 to 0.5 ml is left inside the tube. The sediment is resuspended in the remaining supernatant by flicking the bottom of the tube several times. A drop of resuspended sediment is poured onto a glass slide and coverslipped.

Liver Enzymes

Liver Enzymes Definition A liver enzyme is a protein that helps to speed up a chemical reaction in the liver. Liver function tests are blood tests that are used to evaluate various functions of the liver - for example, metabolism, storage, filtration and excretion, which are often performed by liver enzymes. However, not all liver function tests are measures of enzyme function. • ALT - (alanine aminotransferase ) - was previously called SGPT is more specific for liver damage. The ALT is an enzyme that is produced in the liver cells (hepatocytes) therefore it is more specific for liver disease than some of the other enzymes. It is generally increased in situations where there is damage to the liver cell membranes. All types of liver inflammation can cause raised ALT. • AST - (aspartate aminotransferase) which was previously called SGOT. This is a mitochondrial enzyme that is also present in heart, muscle, kidney and brain therefore it is less specific

Interpretation Of Lab Results

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