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Creatinine

Creatinine

Synonym - Specimen - Reference Value - Method Description - Indications - Interpretation


Synonym : Cr 
Specimen : Serum or Plasma 
Reference Value : 
Method : Spectrophotometry


Description : 

Creatinine is the end product of creatine metabolism .
Creatine residues almost exclusively in the skeletal muscle , where it participates in energy- requiring metabolic reactions . In these processes , a small amount of creatine is irreversibly converted to creatinine , which then circulates to the kidneys and is excreted . 
The amount of creatinine generated in an individuals is proportional to the mass of skeletal muscle present and remains fairly constant , unless there is massive muscle damage resulting from crushing injury or degenerative muscle disease . 
Creatinine values also decrease with age owing to diminishing muscle mass . 
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is often ordered with creatinine for comparison . 
The (BUN) / Creatinine ratio is also useful indicator of disease . The ratio should be between 10:1 and 20 : 1 . Creatinine is the ideal substance for determining renal clearance because a fairly constant quantity is produced within the body . The creatinine clearance test measures a blood sample and a urine sample to determine the rate at which the kidneys are clearing creatinine from the blood , this accurately reflects the glomerular filtration rate . 


Indications 

- Evaluate known or suspected impairment of renal function
  ( Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)  

Interpretations : 
Increased in 

1 - Renal disease , acute and chronic renal failure 
2 - Congestive heart failure 
3 - Dehydration 
4 - Acute myositis 
5 - Hyperthyroidism 
6 - Shock 

Decreased in : 

1 - Decreased muscle mass owing to debilitating disease or increasing age 
2 - Inadequate protein intake 
3 - Liver disease ( sever ) due to decreased creatine production . 
4 - Muscular dystrophy . 





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