Blood Loss or Hemorrhagic Anemia

Blood Loss or Hemorrhagic Anemia

1 - Acute blood loss

Stages of hemorrhagic anemia

-Few hours after acute blood loss yield normal values for RBC count , PCV , Hb concentration and total plasma protein concentration .

- After one day of blood loss , blood sample shows a normocytic normochromic anemia with hyperproteinemia , This because hemodilution as a result of expansion of plasma volume because extravascular fluid begins to move into the vascular space

- Platelets number increases causing a shortening of coagulation .

- The Leukocyte number increases within hours with shift to left .

In sever blood loss leukocytosis may causes rise in body temperature .

- After 72 - 96 hours of blood loss . this stage characterized by presence of immature erythroctes in the circulation (reticulocytosis ) . the peak of release of reticulocytosis occurs between 5 th and 7 th days

Hematological findings

- RBCs shows macrocytic hypochromic anemia

- MCV increased while MCH and MCHC decreased

- Blood film , erythrocytes are polychromatic and increased in the size (macrocyte) , Howell - Jolly bodies ( nuclear remnants within the RBC) are present .

- Plasma protein concentration id low

- Bone marrow : M:E ratio's is below normal

2 - Chronic blood loss

Chronic blood loss Caused by :

- parasites ( ticks , lice , fleas , hook worm )

- Coagulation disorders , vitamin K deficiency , hemophilia .

- Neoplasms

- Gastrointestinal lesions

- Thrombocytopenia

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