Blood Loss or Hemorrhagic Anemia
1 - Acute blood loss
Stages of hemorrhagic anemia
-Few hours after acute blood loss yield normal values for RBC count , PCV , Hb concentration and total plasma protein concentration .
- After one day of blood loss , blood sample shows a normocytic normochromic anemia with hyperproteinemia , This because hemodilution as a result of expansion of plasma volume because extravascular fluid begins to move into the vascular space
- Platelets number increases causing a shortening of coagulation .
- The Leukocyte number increases within hours with shift to left .
In sever blood loss leukocytosis may causes rise in body temperature .
- After 72 - 96 hours of blood loss . this stage characterized by presence of immature erythroctes in the circulation (reticulocytosis ) . the peak of release of reticulocytosis occurs between 5 th and 7 th days
Hematological findings
- RBCs shows macrocytic hypochromic anemia
- MCV increased while MCH and MCHC decreased
- Blood film , erythrocytes are polychromatic and increased in the size (macrocyte) , Howell - Jolly bodies ( nuclear remnants within the RBC) are present .
- Plasma protein concentration id low
- Bone marrow : M:E ratio's is below normal
2 - Chronic blood loss
Chronic blood loss Caused by :
- parasites ( ticks , lice , fleas , hook worm )
- Coagulation disorders , vitamin K deficiency , hemophilia .
- Neoplasms
- Gastrointestinal lesions
- Thrombocytopenia