Interpretation Of Lab Results

Creatinine Synonym - Specimen - Reference Value - Method Description - Indications - Interpretation

                                          Kidney Tests 1- Creatinine 2 - Creatinine Clearance 3 - Urea 4 - Uric Acid 5 - Cystatin C Renal Disorders 1 - Azotemia 2 - Renal Failure

Kidney Anatomy

Bile acids - Produced from cholestrol in the liver where they are conjugated with taurine and secreted into the bile and subsequently the intestines . They are then reabsorbed from  the ileum into the portal circulation where they are removed by the liver .

Jaundice ( icterus ) Most of liver diseases are characterized by icterus , which is the apparent symptom . Icterus occurs due to an excessive amount of bilirubin in the plasma over normal range which is 0.2 - 0.8 mg/dl .When the level reaches about 3 mg/dl , jaundice become clinically obvious especially noticeable in the sclera of the eyes , skin and palatal mucosa .

Bilirubin and Bilirubin Fractions Synonyms - Specimen - Reference Value - Method - Description - Indications - Interpretation 

Ammonia Synonyms - Specimen - Reference Value - Method - Description - Indications - Interpretation

Gamma-glutamyl transferase Synonyms - Specimen - Reference Value - Method - Description - Indications - Interpretation 

Alkaline Phosphatase and Isoenzymes Synonyms - Specimen - Reference Value - Method - Description - Indications - Interpretation 

Sorbitol dehydrogenase - SDH  Sorbitol dehydrogenase -SDH is found in highest concentration in the liver .It is a cytoplasmic enzyme with a short - half life (12 - 24 hours ) . It is a very specific indicator of liver disease .Increases occure within 24 hours of liver injury .  SDH is not a stable enzyme . Serum samples are only stable for 5 hours at room temperature , 24 hours at 4 C and several days frozen .

Alanine Aminotransferase Synonyms - Specimen - Reference Value - Method - Description - Indication - Results 

Aspartate Amino transferase Synonym - Specimen - Reference Value - Method - Description -Indications - Interpretation 

A : G Ratio  - Most automated chemistry analyzers measure albumin and total serum protein . Globulins are determined by subtraction . 

Gamma globulins   Increased in immunoglobulins are often referred to as hyper gammaglobulinemia or gammopathies  Hypogammaglobulinemia This most often results from  decreased synthesis , but could also be associated with increased loss .  1 - Decreased synthesis ( High A : G ratio )  a- failure of passive transfer or colostrum deprivation  b - Combined immunodeficiency disease ( Both T & B cells are deficient )  c - Agammaglobulinemia  d - Acquired deficiency associated with inflammation , immunosuppressive drugs or neoplasia