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Gestational Diabetes

A woman has gestational diabetes when she is pregnant and has any two of the following: fasting plasma glucose of more than 105 mg/dl, a 1-hour glucose level of more than 190 mg/dl, a 2-hour glucose level of more than 165 mg/dl, or a 3-hour glucose level of more than 145 mg/dl. 

 

 

 

Fasting  blood glucose

From 70 to 99 mg/dL (3.9 to 5.5 mmol/L)

Normal glucose  tolerance

From 100 to 125 mg/dL (5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L)

Impaired fasting glucose  (pre-diabetes)

126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) and above on more than one testing occasion

Diabetes

 

Oral  glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
[except pregnancy]
(2 hours after a 75-gram  glucose drink)

Less than 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L)

Normal  glucose tolerance

From 140 to 200 mg/dL (7.8 to 11.1 mmol/L)

Impaired  glucose tolerance (pre-diabetes)

Over 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) on more than one testing occasion

Diabetes

 

Gestational Diabetes Screening:  glucose Challenge Test
(1 hour after a 50-gram  glucose drink)

Less than 140* mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L)

Normal  glucose tolerance

140* mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) and over

Abnormal, needs OGTT (see below)

* Some use a cutoff of >130 mg/dL (7.2 mmol/L) because that identifies 90% of women with gestational diabetes, compared to 80% identified using the threshold of >140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L).

 

Gestational Diabetes Diagnostic: OGTT
(100-gram glucose  drink)

Fasting*

95 mg/dL (5.3 mmol/L)

1 hour after  glucose load*

180 mg/dL (10.0 mmol/L)

2 hours after  glucose load*

155 mg/dL (8.6 mmol/L)

3 hours after glucose  load* **

140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L)

* If two or more values are above the criteria, gestational diabetes is diagnosed.
** A 75-gram glucose load may be used, although this method is not as well validated as the 100-gram OGTT; the 3-hour sample is not drawn if 75 grams is used.

 

What Affects the Test? 

 

Reasons you may not be able to have the test or why the results may not be helpful include:

  • Eating or drinking less than 8 hours before a fasting blood test or less than 2 hours before a 2-hour postprandial test.

  • Drinking alcohol.

  • Illness or emotional stress, smoking, and caffeine.

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