Reference Value for Thyroid hormones

Reference Value for Thyroid hormones

Thyroid

THYROXINE (T4)

Increased levels are found in hyperthyroidism, acute thyroiditis, and hepatitis. Low levels can be found in Cretinism, hypothyroidism, cirrhosis, malnutrition, and chronic thyroiditis.

Normal Adult Range: 4 - 12 ng/dl
Optimal Adult Reading: 8 ng/dl

Free THYROXINE (T4)

A low level may indicate a diseased thyroid gland or may indicate a non-functioning .

pituitary gland which is not stimulating the thyroid to produce T4 . If T4 is low and

TSH is normal , that is more likely to indicate a problem with the pituitary .

Normal Adult Range: 8-2 ng/dl

Free Triiodothyronine (T3)

Sometimes the diseased thyroid gland will start producing very high levels of T3 but still produce normal level of T4. Therefore measurement of both hormones provides an even more accurate evaluation of thyroid function.

Normal Adult Range1.4-4.4 pg/ml

THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH)

produced by the anterior pituitary gland

causes the release and distribution of stored thyroid hormones. When T4 and T3 are too high, TSH secretion decreases, when T4 and T3 are low, TSH secretion increases. Mid range normal in most labs is about 1.7. A high level of TSH combined with a low or normal T4 level generally indicates hypothyroidism, which can have an effect on fertility.

Normal Adult Range: .0.4-4.0 mlU/l

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Stool Analysis

MICROSCOPIC URINALYSIS

MICROSCOPIC URINALYSIS Methodology A sample of well-mixed urine (usually 10-15 ml) is centrifuged in a test tube at relatively low speed (about 2-3,000 rpm) for 5-10 minutes until a moderately cohesive button is produced at the bottom of the tube. The supernatant is decanted and a volume of 0.2 to 0.5 ml is left inside the tube. The sediment is resuspended in the remaining supernatant by flicking the bottom of the tube several times. A drop of resuspended sediment is poured onto a glass slide and coverslipped.

Liver Enzymes

Liver Enzymes Definition A liver enzyme is a protein that helps to speed up a chemical reaction in the liver. Liver function tests are blood tests that are used to evaluate various functions of the liver - for example, metabolism, storage, filtration and excretion, which are often performed by liver enzymes. However, not all liver function tests are measures of enzyme function. • ALT - (alanine aminotransferase ) - was previously called SGPT is more specific for liver damage. The ALT is an enzyme that is produced in the liver cells (hepatocytes) therefore it is more specific for liver disease than some of the other enzymes. It is generally increased in situations where there is damage to the liver cell membranes. All types of liver inflammation can cause raised ALT. • AST - (aspartate aminotransferase) which was previously called SGOT. This is a mitochondrial enzyme that is also present in heart, muscle, kidney and brain therefore it is less specific

Interpretation Of Lab Results

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