Common lab Values ..............For Proteins

Reference Value for Protein tests

Protein

TOTAL PROTEIN

Decreased levels may be due to poor nutrition, liver disease, malabsorption, diarrhea, or severe burns. Increased levels are seen in lupus, liver disease, chronic infections, alcoholism, leukemia, tuberculosis amongst many others.

Normal Adult Range: 6.0 -8.5 g/dl
Optimal Adult Reading: 7.25

ALBUMIN

major constituent of serum protein (usually over 50%). High levels are seen in liver disease (rarely) , shock, dehydration, or multiple myeloma. Lower levels are seen in poor diets, diarrhea, fever, infection, liver disease, inadequate iron intake, third-degree burns and edemas or hypocalcaemia

Normal Adult Range: 3.2 - 5.0 g/dl
Optimal Adult Reading: 4.1

GLOBULIN

Globulins have many diverse functions such as, the carrier of some hormones, lipids, metals, and antibodies (IgA, IgG, IgM, and IgE). Elevated levels are seen with chronic infections, liver disease, rheumatoid arthritis, myelomas, and lupus are present, . Lower levels in immune compromised patients, poor dietary habits, malabsorption and liver or kidney disease.

Normal Adult Range: 2.2 - 4.2 g/dl (calculated)
Optimal Adult Reading: 3.2

A/G RATIO (Albumin/Globulin Ratio)

Normal Adult Range: 0.8 - 2.0 (calculated)
Optimal Adult Reading: 1.9

Comments

MICROSCOPIC URINALYSIS

MICROSCOPIC URINALYSIS Methodology A sample of well-mixed urine (usually 10-15 ml) is centrifuged in a test tube at relatively low speed (about 2-3,000 rpm) for 5-10 minutes until a moderately cohesive button is produced at the bottom of the tube. The supernatant is decanted and a volume of 0.2 to 0.5 ml is left inside the tube. The sediment is resuspended in the remaining supernatant by flicking the bottom of the tube several times. A drop of resuspended sediment is poured onto a glass slide and coverslipped.

Liver Enzymes

Liver Enzymes Definition A liver enzyme is a protein that helps to speed up a chemical reaction in the liver. Liver function tests are blood tests that are used to evaluate various functions of the liver - for example, metabolism, storage, filtration and excretion, which are often performed by liver enzymes. However, not all liver function tests are measures of enzyme function. • ALT - (alanine aminotransferase ) - was previously called SGPT is more specific for liver damage. The ALT is an enzyme that is produced in the liver cells (hepatocytes) therefore it is more specific for liver disease than some of the other enzymes. It is generally increased in situations where there is damage to the liver cell membranes. All types of liver inflammation can cause raised ALT. • AST - (aspartate aminotransferase) which was previously called SGOT. This is a mitochondrial enzyme that is also present in heart, muscle, kidney and brain ...

Gamma globulins

Gamma globulins Increased in immunoglobulins are often referred to as hyper gammaglobulinemia or gammopathies Hypogammaglobulinemia This most often results from decreased synthesis , but could also be associated with increased loss . 1 - Decreased synthesis ( High A : G ratio ) a- failure of passive transfer or colostrum deprivation b - Combined immunodeficiency disease ( Both T & B cells are deficient ) c - Agammaglobulinemia d - Acquired deficiency associated with inflammation , immunosuppressive drugs or neoplasia

Interpretation Of Lab Results

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