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Interpretation for Hyperglycemia ........Video

 Hyperglycemia 

Definition -causes



Definition 

Hyperglycemia means increased blood glucose concentration 

Increased blood glucose concentration results from either imbalance between hepatic input of glucose and peripheral  uptake or disturbance of endocrine regulatory influence upon this process 
So that hyperglycemia may resulted from : 

a- Normal hepatic output of glucose with subnormal
    rate  of peripheral removal .
b - An increase in hepatic production and releaseof 
      glucose accompanied with normal removal 
       rate of  peripheral tissues 
c- A combination of these factors 

Causes

Causes of hyperglycemia can be  summarized as follow : 

1 - Diabetes mellitus where fasting blood glucose 
     over 200 mg/dl due to lack of insulin or its response 

2 - Postprandial for up to 4 hours after meals 
3- Epinephrine release due to excitement ,pain or stress as it mobilize stored glycogen in the liver and usually transient . 
4 - Stress with increase of glucocorticoides  
 and catecholamines , they stimulate glycogenlysis  and glyconeogenesis  it usually returns to normal within 6 - 24 hours . 
 5 - Pancreatitis , often associated with disturbed carbohydrate utilization and when advanced it can cause diabetes mellitus . 
6 - Cushing's disease or administrations of glucocorticoides . it increase hepatic gluconeogenesis . 
7 - Convulsions of epilepsy , tetany , and intracarnial trauma due to a combination of anoxia  and  epinephrine secretion ( liver glycogen is unstable in case of anoxia ) 
8 - Thyrotoxicosis  
9 - Administration of drugs : 
a- After general anesthesia .
b- Morphine .
c - strychnine .
d- Glucose .
e - Thyroid preparation .






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